Concepts/7. System Cases/URL Shortener (TinyURL / Bitly)
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URL Shortener (TinyURL / Bitly)

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High-throughput system that generates unique 7-character base62 short keys for long URLs, serving 100,000+ redirect queries per second with sub-5ms latency.

STAFF ENGINEER TAKEAWAY: Pre-allocate integer ranges from distributed ticket counters (Zookeeper/Redis) and convert directly to Base62 (62^7 = 3.5 trillion URLs).
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