Content Delivery Networks (CDN)

A geographically distributed network of proxy edge servers that caches static assets (images, videos, JS/CSS) and terminates TLS close to end users.

STAFF ENGINEER TAKEAWAY: Reduces round-trip time (RTT) from 150ms to 5ms by serving content from edge Points of Presence (PoPs).

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More Topics in 4. Performance

⚡Distributed Caching Strategies

High-speed in-memory key-value data stores positioned in front of slower relational databases to reduce read latency from 20ms to <1ms.

📦Cache-Aside (Lazy Loading) Pattern

The application code explicitly queries the cache first. On a cache miss, it reads from the database and populates the cache for subsequent requests.

✍️Write-Through Caching Pattern

Data is written simultaneously to the cache and the primary database in a single synchronized transaction before acknowledging the client.

⏩Write-Behind (Write-Back) Caching

Writes are acknowledged immediately upon being written to RAM cache. A background worker daemon asynchronously batches and writes changes to the database.